QNAP TS-228

• 2 x SATA HDD 3,5
• 2 x 1.1 GHz CPU (ARM® v7 1.1 GHz Dual-core)
• 1GB DDR3 RAM
• 1 x Gigabit RJ-45 Ethernet port
• 1 X USB 3.2 Gen 1 (Front)
• 1 X USB 2.0 (Rear)

• QTS 4.2 (embedded Linux)
• Storage Management
  • Single Disk, JBOD, RAID 0, 1
  • Bad block scan and hard drive S.M.A.R.T.
  • Bad block recovery
  • RAID recovery
  • Bitmap support

WDC WD20EFRX-68EUZN0 - CMR disc All partitions on one of RAID disc belongs to RAID:

• 517,50 MiB
• 517,72 MiB
• 1,81 TiB
• 517,72 MiB
• 7,97 GiB
• 10,34 MiB

sdb               8:16   0   1,8T  0 disk  
├─sdb1            8:17   0 517,7M  0 part  
│ └─md9           9:9    0 517,6M  0 raid1 
├─sdb2            8:18   0 517,7M  0 part  
│ └─md256         9:256  0 517,7M  0 raid1 
├─sdb3            8:19   0   1,8T  0 part  
│ └─md1           9:1    0   1,8T  0 raid1 
│   ├─vg1-lv544 253:0    0  18,5G  0 lvm   
│   └─vg1-lv1   253:1    0   1,8T  0 lvm   
├─sdb4            8:20   0 517,7M  0 part  
│ └─md13          9:13   0 448,1M  0 raid1 
└─sdb5            8:21   0     8G  0 part  
  └─md322         9:322  0   6,9G  0 raid1 


sdc               8:32   0   1,8T  0 disk  
├─sdc1            8:33   0 517,7M  0 part  
├─sdc2            8:34   0 517,7M  0 part  
├─sdc3            8:35   0   1,8T  0 part  
│ └─md1           9:1    0   1,8T  0 raid1 
│   ├─vg1-lv544 253:0    0  18,5G  0 lvm   
│   └─vg1-lv1   253:1    0   1,8T  0 lvm   
├─sdc4            8:36   0 517,7M  0 part  
└─sdc5            8:37   0     8G  0 part  

apt install mdadm lvm2

mdadm scan --assemble --scan

• /dev/md9 - ext4 - 517,62 MiB (157,61 MiB used) - /mnt/HDA_ROOT
• /dev/md256 - linux-swap - 517,69 MiB
• /dev/md1 - LVM2
  • '/dev/vg1/lv544' [<18,54 GiB] - zeros!
  • '/dev/vg1/lv1' [1,79 TiB] - LUKS aes cbc-plain sha1
• /dev/md13 - ext3 - 448,14MiB (324,98 MiB used) - /mnt/ext
• /dev/md322 - linux-swap - 6,90 GiB

After installing mdadm, OS automatically create some MD devices, but some of them are in read-only state and consist only one RAID member. To force correct detection again:

mdadm --stop /dev/md0
mdadm --assemble --scan 
 
mdadm --detail /dev/md1
/dev/md1:
           Version : 1.0
     Creation Time : Fri Apr  7 17:18:29 2017
        Raid Level : raid1
        Array Size : 1943559616 (1853.52 GiB 1990.21 GB)
     Used Dev Size : 1943559616 (1853.52 GiB 1990.21 GB)
      Raid Devices : 2
     Total Devices : 2
       Persistence : Superblock is persistent
 
       Update Time : Mon Feb 20 13:17:08 2023
             State : clean, degraded 
    Active Devices : 1
   Working Devices : 2
    Failed Devices : 0
     Spare Devices : 1
 
Consistency Policy : resync
 
              Name : 1
              UUID : a1fa9f39:73ca1af0:96ad282b:0fb0c934
            Events : 1252602
 
    Number   Major   Minor   RaidDevice State
       2       8       19        0      spare rebuilding   /dev/sdb3
       1       8       35        1      active sync   /dev/sdc3

Two members are present but one is in spare rebuilding state and nothing happens. To start rebuild switch array into RW mode:

mdadm --readwrite /dev/md1
 
cat /proc/mdstat 
 
Personalities : [raid1] 
md1 : active raid1 sdb3[2] sdc3[1]
      1943559616 blocks super 1.0 [2/1] [_U]
      [===============>.....]  recovery = 75.3% (1463781952/1943559616) finish=421.1min speed=18985K/sec

Another option to force correct resync - but not used in this case:

mdadm --stop /dev/md1
mdadm --assemble --run --force --update=resync /dev/md1 /dev/sdb3 /dev/sdc3

pvscan 
  WARNING: PV /dev/md1 in VG vg1 is using an old PV header, modify the VG to update.
  PV /dev/md1   VG vg1             lvm2 [1,81 TiB / 0    free]
  Total: 1 [1,81 TiB] / in use: 1 [1,81 TiB] / in no VG: 0 [0   ]
 
vgdisplay 
  WARNING: PV /dev/md1 in VG vg1 is using an old PV header, modify the VG to update.
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               vg1
  System ID             
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        1
  Metadata Sequence No  154
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                2
  Open LV               0
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                1
  Act PV                1
  VG Size               1,81 TiB
  PE Size               4,00 MiB
  Total PE              474501
  Alloc PE / Size       474501 / 1,81 TiB
  Free  PE / Size       0 / 0   
  VG UUID               G3dFff-PS77-XQ1X-a37I-zFT4-qS6L-A4TxSr
 
lvscan 
  WARNING: PV /dev/md1 in VG vg1 is using an old PV header, modify the VG to update.
  ACTIVE            '/dev/vg1/lv544' [<18,54 GiB] inherit
  ACTIVE            '/dev/vg1/lv1' [1,79 TiB] inherit

Volume is encrypted. It contains standard LUKS header. Google says encryption password is derived from user supplied password using not know algo. It points to NAS local utility:

/sbin/storage_util --encrypt_pwd pwd=YOUR_PASSWORD
Encrypted passwd is: …………………………………..

Reference:

• https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/685821/how-to-mount-on-linux-a-qnap-external-drive-with-luks-partition
• https://www.linux-howto.info/mount-qnap-encrypted-volume/

Set VGA to none. Add serial port for console - Proxmox console will automatically switch console to serial port. Import raw image as VM disk:

qm importdisk 304 F_TS-X85_20170210-1.3.0_512M.img local-lvm --format raw

Problem: cannot stop at GRUB, it boots kernel, loads initrd and then stuck. Probably some HW dependencies are not met (emmc disk?). Switched to simpler solution with Docker (see below).

Based on files from F_TS-X85_20170210-1.3.0_512M I've created root filesystem with storage_util and minimum required libraries.

And it works. Generated password opens LUKS storage.

After making Docker image, I found post on QNAP forum that the password can be generated using simple MD5 hash:

mkpasswd -m md5 -S YCCaQNAP

cryptsetup luksOpen /dev/vg1/lv1 nas
mount /dev/mapper/nas /mnt/nas

apt install testdisk
photorec /dev/mapper/nas

umount /dev/mapper/nas
cryptsetup luksClose nas
dmsetup remove vg1-lv544
dmsetup remove vg1-lv1
mdadm --stop /dev/md1
 
mdadm --stop /dev/md256
mdadm --stop /dev/md9
mdadm --stop /dev/md322
mdadm --stop /dev/md13