apt stuck on parallel access

After switching all CI images to Debian 12.2, some jobs stuck on apt-get update:

$ make setup
Get:1 http://deb.debian.org/debian bookworm InRelease [151 kB]
Ign:1 http://deb.debian.org/debian bookworm InRelease
Get:2 http://deb.debian.org/debian bookworm-updates InRelease [55.4 kB]
Get:3 http://deb.debian.org/debian-security bookworm-security InRelease [48.0 kB]
Terminated

apt-get stuck, and job was terminated by job timeout.

Custom configuration which can be significant:

• apt-cacher-ng is used. It can return error or time out.
• apt is configured to retry 3 times and timeouts after 10 seconds - this can be root cause of issue, see below:

Similar bugs:

• apt clients stuck on parallel access
• Good analysis of bug is here: occasional hanging 'apt-get update' from daily cronjob since Jammy 22.04