====== APT ======

===== Configuration =====

==== Force IPv4 ====

<code bash>
echo 'Acquire::ForceIPv4 "true";' | sudo tee /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/99force-ipv4
</code>

==== Limit download speed ===
To limit download speed to 250kBytes/s:

<file python /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/75lowerspeed>
Acquire
{
   Queue-mode "access";
   http
   {
      Dl-Limit "250";
   };
};
</file>

==== Use apt-cacher ====
<file | /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/02proxy>
Acquire::http { Proxy "http://192.168.0.231:3142"; };
Acquire::https::proxy "DIRECT";
</file>
or
Replace all mirror hostnames with cachinghost/hostname in sources.list, so
<code>deb http://ftp.uni-kl.de/debian etch main</code>

should now become:
<code>deb http://192.168.0.17:3142/ftp.uni-kl.de/debian etch main</code>

====== Commandline ======

===== Disable fsync =====

This trick helps on BTRFS FS
<code bash>
apt-get install eatmydata
eatmydata apt-get update
</code>

Or wrap some commands permanently with eatmydata
<code bash>
ln -s /usr/bin/eatmydata /usr/local/bin/aptitude
ln -s /usr/bin/eatmydata /usr/local/bin/apt-get
ln -s /usr/bin/eatmydata /usr/local/bin/apt-cache
</code>

===== Playing with apt keys =====

<code bash>
sudo apt-key adv --recv-keys --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com 8B48AD6246925553
</code>

<code bash>
sudo apt-get install debian-archive-keyring
wget http://ftp.pl.debian.org/debian/pool/main/p/pkg-mozilla-archive-keyring/pkg-mozilla-archive-keyring_1.1_all.deb
sudo dpkg -i pkg-mozilla-archive-keyring_1.1_all.deb
sudo apt-get update
</code>

<code bash>
gpg --keyserver pgpkeys.mit.edu --recv-key  8B48AD6246925553      
gpg -a --export 8B48AD6246925553 | sudo apt-key add -
</code>

<code bash>
apt-get update 2> /tmp/keymissing; for key in $(grep "NO_PUBKEY" /tmp/keymissing |sed "s/.*NO_PUBKEY //"); do echo -e "\nProcessing key: $key"; gpg --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv $key && sudo gpg --export --armor $key | apt-key add -; done
</code>
===== List all package versions =====

<code bash>apt-cache policy lxc</code>
<code>
lxc:
  Installed: 1:1.0.6-6+deb8u2
  Candidate: 1:1.1.5-1
  Version table:
     1:1.1.5-1 0
        500 http://ftp.pl.debian.org/debian/ stretch/main amd64 Packages
 *** 1:1.0.6-6+deb8u2 0
        100 /var/lib/dpkg/status

</code>

===== Install specified version =====
<code>
apt-get install backupninja=0.9.8.1-1
apt-mark hold backupninja
</code>

===== Install with low prio questions =====
To change dpkg-configure question priorities:
<code bash>DEBIAN_PRIORITY=low apt-get install ...</code>

===== Install from backports =====
List version and priorities:
<code>apt-cache policy pulseaudio</code>
<code>apt-get install -t jessie-backports pulseaudio</code>
<code>aptitude -t jessie-backports</code>

<file | /etc/apt/preferences.d/backports>
Package: *
Pin: release a=jessie-backports
Pin-Priority: 500

Package: *
Pin: release a=stretch-backports
Pin-Priority: 500
</file>

===== Hold package =====
<code bash>echo package_name hold | sudo dpkg --set-selections</code>


====== Errors ======

===== trying to overwrite  =====
<code>
dpkg: error processing archive /var/cache/apt/archives/gstreamer1.0-plugins-base_1.18.4-2_amd64.deb (--unpack):
 trying to overwrite '/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/gstreamer-1.0/libgstcompositor.so', which is also in package gstreamer1.0-plugins-bad:amd64 1:1.14.4-dmo7+deb10u1
dpkg-deb: error: paste subprocess was killed by signal (Broken pipe)
Errors were encountered while processing:
 /var/cache/apt/archives/gstreamer1.0-plugins-base_1.18.4-2_amd64.deb
Config is in use.
</code>

<code bash>
apt-get -f -o Dpkg::Options::="--force-overwrite" install
</code>


===== BADSIG ===== 

Error:
<code>
http://httpredir.debian.org squeeze-lts Release: The following signatures were invalid: BADSIG 8B48AD6246925553 Debian Archive Automatic Signing Key (7.0/wheezy) <ftpmaster@debian.org>
</code>

<code bash>
cd /var/lib/apt
sudo mv lists lists.old
sudo mkdir -p lists/partial
sudo apt-get update
</code>

This will rebuild the cache.

Error:
<code>
W: An error occurred during the signature verification. The repository is not updated and the previous index files will be used. GPG error: http://repository.spotify.com stable InRelease: The following signatures couldn't be verified because the public key is not available: NO_PUBKEY 13B00F1FD2C19886
</code>

<code bash>sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-key 13B00F1FD2C19886</code>


===== Download is performed unsandboxed =====
Warning:
<code>
W: Download is performed unsandboxed as root as file '/var/cache/apt/archives/partial/libnet-cidr-lite-perl_0.21-1_all.deb' couldn't be accessed by user '_apt'. - pkgAcquire::Run (13: Permission denied)
</code>
<code bash>

sudo chown -Rv _apt:root /var/cache/apt/archives/
sudo chmod -Rv 774 /var/cache/apt/archives/

</code>